Spatial Distribution of Organophosphorus and Brominated Flame Retardants in Surface Water, Sediment, Groundwater, and Wild Fish in Chengdu, China

The occurrence and spatial distribution of 13 organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs), 11 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and eight novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) were investigated in Jinjiang river water, sediment, crucian carp, and groundwater in Chengdu, China. OPFRs were predominant and ubiquitous contaminants in the Jinjiang river water, sediment, groundwater, fish muscle, fish gills, and viscera with concentrations ranging from 19.1 to 533ngL(-1), 12.5 to 253ngg(-1), 11.7 to 149ngL(-1), 114 to 2108ngg(-1) lipid weight (lw), 220 to 638ngg(-1) lw, and 116 to 1356ngg(-1) lw, respectively. The halogenated OPFRs were the primary pollutant in the Jinjiang river water samples, whereas nonhalogenated OPFRs were the dominant OPFRs in the sediments. Brominated flame retardants were not detected in the groundwater, whereas the NBFRs detected in aquatic environment at low frequency. The Sigma PBDEs ranged from n.d. to 23.4ngL(-1) and n.d. to 48.7ngg(-1) in the Jinjiang river water and sediment, respectively. BDE-209 was dominant in the sediment samples with concentrations ranging from n.d. to 47.2ngg(-1). The PBDEs levels in the muscle, gills, and viscera of the crucian carp ranged from 10.6 to 90.6ngg(-1) lw, n.d. to 75.6ngg(-1) lw, and n.d. to 219ngg(-1) lw, respectively. BDE-47, chlorinated, and alkyl OPFRs were the main contaminants in the fish samples.