Manganese films grown on TiO2 nanotubes by photodeposition, electrodeposition and photoelectrodeposition: preparation and photoelectrochemical properties

Manganese deposition on the surface of TiO2 nanotubes by three methods; namely, photodeposition, electrodeposition, and photoelectrodeposition, has been carried out to enhance the photoelectrochemical water-splitting efficiency of these samples for H-2 production. TiO2 nanotubes have been synthesized via anodic oxidation of pure titanium. FE-SEM, XRD, Raman, and UV-visible spectroscopy have been used to characterize the morphology, structure, and optical properties of the samples prepared. Samples L-0.9 and L-0.7, prepared by photoelectrodeposition at high potential, were shown to perform better than those prepared by electrodeposition or photodeposition, based on the photoelectrochemical studies.