Journal
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY
Volume 189, Issue 4, Pages 797-812Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.12.016
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Funding
- Veterans Affairs (VA) Merit Review grant from the VA Research Service
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases [R0-1-DK-64165-01, R0-1-DK-106072-01, R0-1-DK114024]
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Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) are a major component of Gram-negative bacterial cell wall and play an important role in promoting intestinal inflammatory responses. Recent studies have shown that physiologically relevant concentrations of LPS (0 to 2000 pg/mL) cause an increase in intestinal epithelial tight junction (TJ) permeability without causing cell death. However, the intracellular pathways and the mechanisms that mediate LPS-induced increase in intestinal TJ permeability remain unclear. The aim was to delineate the intracellular pathways that mediate the LPS-induced increase in intestinal permeability using in vitro and in vivo intestinal epithelial models. LPS-induced increase in intestinal epithelial TJ permeability was preceded by an activation of transforming growth factor-0 activating kinase-1 (TAK-1) and canonical NF-KB (p50/p65) pathways. The siRNA silencing of TAK-1 inhibited the activation of NF-KB p50/p65. The siRNA silencing of TAK-1 and p65/p50 subunit inhibited the LPS-induced increase in intestinal TJ permeability and the increase in myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) expression, confirming the regulatory role of TAK-1 and NF-KB p65/p50 in up-regulating MLCK expression and the subsequent increase in TJ permeability. The data also showed that toll-like receptor (TLR)-4/myeloid differentiation primary response (MyD)88 pathway was crucial upstream regulator of TAK-1 and NF-KB p50/p65 activation. In conclusion, activation of TAK-1 by the TLR-4/ MyD88 signal transduction pathway and MLCK by NF-KB p65/p50 regulates the LPS-induced increase in intestinal epithelial TJ permeability.
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