Journal
ADVANCED MATERIALS
Volume 31, Issue 29, Pages -Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/adma.201901033
Keywords
active metamaterials; adaptive optics; phase-change materials; programmable metasurfaces; resonance tuning
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Funding
- German Federal Ministry of Education and Research within the funding program Photonics Research Germany [13N14151]
- DFG (German Science Foundation) [SFB 917]
- ETH Zurich Postdoctoral Fellowship Program
- Marie Curie Actions for People COFUND Program
- DFG (German Science Foundation) through the Heisenberg Fellowship [CH 407/7-2]
- RWTH scholarship
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Nanometer-thick active metasurfaces (MSs) based on phase-change materials (PCMs) enable compact photonic components, offering adjustable functionalities for the manipulation of light, such as polarization filtering, lensing, and beam steering. Commonly, they feature multiple operation states by switching the whole PCM fully between two states of drastically different optical properties. Intermediate states of the PCM are also exploited to obtain gradual resonance shifts, which are usually uniform over the whole MS and described by effective medium response. For programmable MSs, however, the ability to selectively address and switch the PCM in individual meta-atoms is required. Here, simultaneous control of size, position, and crystallization depth of the switched phase-change material (PCM) volume within each meta-atom in a proof-of-principle MS consisting of a PCM-covered Al-nanorod antenna array is demonstrated. By modifying optical properties locally, amplitude and light phase can be programmed at the meta-atom scale. As this goes beyond previous effective medium concepts, it will enable small adaptive corrections to external aberrations and fabrication errors or multiple complex functionalities programmable on the same MS.
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