Journal
ADVANCED MATERIALS
Volume 31, Issue 34, Pages -Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/adma.201803444
Keywords
hybrid devices; nanoporous carbon; nanostructured carbon; sodium storage; water purification
Categories
Funding
- National Research Foundation (NRF) - Ministry of Science, ICT, & Future Planning [2015R1A1A1A05027727, 2017M2A2A6A01021187]
- National Research Foundation (NRF) of Korea (Ministry of Science and ICT) [2014M3A7B4052200]
- Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation (NRF) of Korea, Republic of Korea [2017R1A6A3A11031355]
- National Research Foundation of Korea [2017R1A6A3A11031355, 2015R1A1A1A05027727] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
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Electrochemical sodium storage and capture are considered an attractive technology owing to the natural abundance, low cost, safety, and cleanness of sodium, and the higher efficiency of the electrochemical system compared to fossil-fuel-based counterparts. Considering that the sodium-ion chemistry often largely deviates from the lithium-based one despite the physical and chemical similarities, the architecture and chemical structure of electrode materials should be designed for highly efficient sodium storage and capture technologies. Here, the rational design in the structure and chemistry of carbon materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), sodium-ion capacitors (SICs), and capacitive deionization (CDI) applications is comprehensively reviewed. Types and features of carbon materials are classified into ordered and disordered carbons as well as nanodimensional and nanoporous carbons, covering the effect of synthesis parameters on the carbon structure and chemistry. The sodium storage mechanism and performance of these carbon materials are correlated with the key structural/chemical factors, including the interlayer spacing, crystallite size, porous characteristics, micro/nanostructure, morphology, surface chemistry, heteroatom incorporation, and hybridization. Finally, perspectives on current impediment and future research directions into the development of practical SIBs, SICs, and CDI are also provided.
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