Journal
ADVANCED MATERIALS
Volume 31, Issue 25, Pages -Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/adma.201806492
Keywords
bioinspired applications; black phosphorous; electrochemical actuators; hierarchical structures
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [21736006, 21706120, 21474052]
- Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province [BK20170973]
- National Key Research and Development Program of China [2016YFB0401700]
- Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD)
- China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [2018M630549]
- Fund of State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering [ZK201720, ZK201704]
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Bioinspired methods allowing artificial actuators to perform controllably are potentially important for various principles and may offer fundamental insight into chemistry and engineering. To date, the main challenges persist regarding the achievement of large deformation in fast response-time and potential-engineering applications in which electrode materials and structures limit ion diffusion and accumulation processes. Herein, a novel electrochemical actuator is developed that presents both higher electromechanical performances and biomimetic applications based on hierachically structured covalently bridged black phosphorous/carbon nanotubes. The new actuator demonstrates astonishing actuation properties, including low power consumption/strain (0.04 W cm(-2) %(-1)), a large peak-to-peak strain (1.67%), a controlled frequency response (0.1-20 Hz), faster strain and stress rates (11.57% s(-1); 28.48 MPa s(-1)), high power (29.11 kW m(-3)), and energy (8.48 kJ m(-3)) densities, and excellent cycling stability (500 000 cycles). More importantly, bioinspired applications such as artificial-claw, wings-vibrating, bionic-flower, and hand actuators have been realized. The key to high performances stems from hierachically structured materials with an ordered lamellar structure, large redox activity, and electrochemical capacitance (321.4 F g(-1)) for ions with smooth diffusion and flooding accommodation, which will guide substantial progress of next-generation electrochemical actuators.
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