Controlled Microstructural Architectures Based on Smart Fabrication Strategies

Controlled microstructural architectures-artificially designed microstructures and nanostructures with controlled properties-have been extensively used in scientific research and practical applications. Advanced fabrication strategies are always desired to satisfy the increasing demands for specific architecture designs. This review highlights the recent progress in bottom-up methods based on self-assembly and top-down methods by using two-photon polymerization. As an emerging additive manufacturing technology, two-photon polymerization has shown the enormous potential of being a general fabrication method for controlled microstructural architectures due to its unique advantage in direct laser writing of 3D microstructures with high resolution. This review also covers some remaining challenges for controlled microstructural architectures, along with future outlooks.