Humidity-Tolerant Roll-to-Roll Fabrication of Perovskite Solar Cells via Polymer-Additive-Assisted Hot Slot Die Deposition

Heating-assisted deposition is an industry-friendly scalable deposition method. This manufacturing method is employed together with slot die coating to fabricate perovskite solar cells via a roll-to-roll process. The feasibility of the method is demonstrated after initial testing on a rigid substrate using a benchtop slot die coater in air. The fabricated solar cells exhibit power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) up to 14.7%. A nonelectroactive polymer additive is used with the perovskite formulation and found to improve its humidity tolerance significantly. These deposition parameters are also used in the roll-to-roll setup. The perovskite layer and other solution-processed layers are slot die-coated, and the fabricated device shows PCEs up to 11.7%, which is the highest efficiency obtained from a fully roll-to-roll processed perovskite solar cell to date.