Journal
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
Volume 29, Issue 27, Pages -Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201901719
Keywords
all solid-state batteries; irreversible capacities; lithium-ion batteries; metal sulfides; reversible conversion reactions
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Funding
- Department of the Navy, Office of Naval Research under Materials Research Laboratory at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [N00014-18-1-2394]
- Kwanjeong Educational Foundation scholarship
- DOE Office of Science [DE-SC0012704]
- Vehicle Technology Office of the U.S. Department of Energy through the Advanced Battery Materials Research (BMR) Program
- Battery500 Consortium [DE-SC0012704]
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Solid-state batteries can potentially enable new classes of electrode materials which are unstable against liquid electrolytes. Here, SnS nanocrystals, synthesized by a wet chemical method, are used to fabricate a Li-ion electrode, and the electrochemical properties of this electrode are examined in both solid and liquid electrolyte designs. The SnS-based solid-state cell delivers a capacity of 629 mAh g(-1) after 100 cycles and exhibits an unprecedentedly small irreversible capacity in the first cycle (8.2%), while the SnS-based liquid cell shows a rapid capacity decay and large first cycle irreversible capacity (44.6%). Cyclic voltammetry (CV) experiments show significant solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation in the liquid cell during the first discharge while SEI formation by electrolyte reduction in the solid-state cell appears negligible. Along with CV, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy are used to investigate the differences between the solid-state and liquid cells. The reaction chemistry of SnS in solid-state cells is also studied in detail by ex situ X-ray diffraction and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The overarching findings are that use of a solid electrolyte suppresses materials degradation and electrolyte reduction which leads to a small first cycle irreversible capacity and stable cycling.
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