Journal
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
Volume 11, Issue 22, Pages 20183-20191Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b22073
Keywords
graphene oxide nanosheet; graphene oxide size; bulk heterojunction; organic solar cell; p-dope; carrier mobility; charge transport; non-geminate recombination
Funding
- Center for Advanced Soft Electronics under the Global Frontier Research Program of the Ministry of Science and ICT, Korea [2011-0031628, 2014M3A6A5060953]
- National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)
- Center for Women In Science, Engineering and Technology (WISET) - Ministry of Science and ICT (MSIT) under the Program for Returners into RD
- National Research Foundation of Korea [2014M3A6A5060953] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
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Size-selected graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets were used to modify the bulk heterojunction (BHJ) morphology and electrical properties of organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices. The GO nanosheets were prepared with sizes ranging from several hundreds of nanometers to micrometers by using a physical sonication process and were then incorporated into PTB7:PC71BM photoactive layers. Different GO sizes provide varied portions of the basal plane where aromatic sp(2)-hybridized regions are dominant and edges where oxygenated functional groups are located; thus, GO size distributions affect the GO dispersion stability and morphological aggregation of the BHJ layer. Electron delocalization by sp(2)-hybridization and the electron-withdrawing characteristics of functional groups p-dope the photoactive layer, giving rise to increasing carrier mobilities. Hole and electron mobilities are maximized at GO sizes of several hundreds of nanometers. Consequently, non-geminate recombination is significantly reduced by these facilitated hole and electron transports. The addition of GO nanosheets decreases the recombination order of non-geminate recombination and increases the generated carrier density. This reduction in the non-geminate recombination contributes to an increased power conversion efficiency of PTB7:PC71BM OPV devices as high as 9.21%, particularly, by increasing the fill factor to 70.5% in normal devices and 69.4% in inverted devices.
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