Secondary alveolar bone grafting using autologous versus alloplastic material in the treatment of cleft lip and palate patients: systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundA systematic review assessing autologous versus alloplastic bone for secondary alveolar bone grafting in patients with cleft lip and palate was published in 2011 and included only one randomized controlled trial comparing traditional iliac bone graft to recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rh-BMP2).ObjectivesTo perform a systematic review with meta-analysis on the use of secondary alveolar bone grafting (autologous bone and rh-BMP2 graft) in order to improve bone volume and height in patients with cleft lip and palate.Data sourcesAn electronic search was conducted via PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CONTROL) via Cochrane Library, EMBASE via Ovid, and LILAC for studies published between January 2008 and September 2018. The systematic review registration number at PROSPERO was 42018085858.Eligibility criteriaOnly RCTs were included. Inclusion criteria were patients with the diagnosis of unilateral cleft lip and palate older than 5years of age, radiographic evaluation (CT and/or CBCT) of the cleft area, and at least a 6-month follow-up.Main outcome measuresBone formation and bone height by radiographic CT evaluation (preoperatively, after 6months and after 1year of follow-up) and length of hospital stay were assessed.ResultsFour studies met strict inclusion criteria. Autologous bone graft showed statistically significant higher bone formation after 6-month follow-up (MD -14.410; 95% CI -22.392 to -6.428; p=0.000). No statistically significant difference was noted after a 1-year follow-up (MD 6.227; 95% CI -15.967 to 28.422; p=0.582). No statistically significant difference in bone height was noted after 6-month (MD -18.737; 95% CI -43.560 to 6.087; p=0.139) and 1-year follow-up (MD -4.401; 95% CI -30.636 to 21.834; p=0.742). Patients who underwent rh-BMP2 graft had a statistically significant reduced hospital stay (MD -1.146; 95% CI -2.147 to -0.145; p=0.025).LimitationsThe main limitation is the high risk of bias among included studies.ConclusionAutologous bone and rh-BMP2 graft showed a similar effectiveness in maxillary alveolar reconstruction in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate assessing bone graft volume and height although rh-BMP2 graft showed a relative shorter length of hospital stay (high uncertainty level).