Journal
NANOMATERIALS
Volume 9, Issue 3, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/nano9030441
Keywords
secondary battery; nanostructure; porosity; capacity; stability
Categories
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [51672176,661573334, 61873003]
- Science and Technology Major Project of Anhui Province [18030901093]
- Major Project of the Anhui Provincial Department of Education [KJ2018ZD034, KJ2016SD14, KJ2017ZD40]
- Creative Science Foundation of AHNU [2018XJJ108]
- Intergovernmental International Scientific and Technological Cooperation of Shanghai [17520710200]
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Among many types of batteries, Li-ion and Li-S batteries have been of great interest because of their high energy density, low self-discharge, and non-memory effect, among other aspects. Emerging applications require batteries with higher performance factors, such as capacity and cycling life, which have motivated many research efforts on constructing high-performance anode and cathode materials. Herein, recent research about cathode materials are particularly focused on. Low electron and ion conductivities and poor electrode stability remain great challenges. Three-dimensional (3D) porous nanostructures commonly exhibit unique properties, such as good Li+ ion diffusion, short electron transfer pathway, robust mechanical strength, and sufficient space for volume change accommodation during charge/discharge, which make them promising for high-performance cathodes in batteries. A comprehensive summary about some cutting-edge investigations of Li-ion and Li-S battery cathodes is presented. As demonstrative examples, LiCoO2, LiMn2O4, LiFePO4, V2O5, and LiNi1-x-yCoxMnyO2 in pristine and modified forms with a 3D porous structure for Li-ion batteries are introduced, with a particular focus on their preparation methods. Additionally, S loaded on 3D scaffolds for Li-S batteries is discussed. In addition, the main challenges and potential directions for next generation cathodes have been indicated, which would be beneficial to researchers and engineers developing high-performance electrodes for advanced secondary batteries.
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