Journal
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
Volume 10, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00281
Keywords
plant nutrition; potassium; nitrate; regulation; long-distance transport
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Funding
- AEI-MINECO [BFU2015-64671-R, BIO2016-81957-REDT]
- European Regional Development Fund
- SSAC grant from the Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea [PJ01318205]
- [BIO2015-70946-R]
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Modern agriculture relies on mineral fertilization. Unlike other major macronutrients, potassium (K+) is not incorporated into organic matter but remains as soluble ion in the cell sap contributing up to 10% of the dry organic matter. Consequently, K+ constitutes a chief osmoticum to drive cellular expansion and organ movements, such as stomata aperture. Moreover, K+ transport is critical for the control of cytoplasmic and luminal pH in endosomes, regulation of membrane potential, and enzyme activity. Not surprisingly, plants have evolved a large ensemble of K+ transporters with defined functions in nutrient uptake by roots, storage in vacuoles, and ion translocation between tissues and organs. This review describes critical transport proteins governing K+ nutrition, their regulation, and coordinated activity, and summarizes our current understanding of signaling pathways activated by K+ starvation.
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