Journal
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
Volume 10, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00117
Keywords
abiotic stress; biotic stress; defense response; defense activator; signaling; spermine
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Funding
- MITACS Canada
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) Idea-to-Innovation Program
- NutriAg Ltd.
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Roles of the major polyamines (mPA), putrescine, spermidine, and spermine (Spm), in various developmental and physiological processes in plants have been well documented. Recently, there has been increasing focus on the link between mPA metabolism and defense response during plant-stress interactions. Empirical evidence is available for a unique role of Spm, distinct from the other mPA, in eliciting an effective defense response to (a)biotic stresses. Our understanding of the precise molecular mechanism(s) by which Spm modulates these defense mechanisms is limited. Further analysis of recent studies indicates that plant Spm functions differently during biotic and abiotic interactions in the regulation of oxidative homeostasis and phytohormone signaling. Here, we summarize and integrate current knowledge about Spm-mediated modulation of plant defense responses to (a)biotic stresses, highlighting the importance of Spm as a potent plant defense activator with broad-spectrum protective effects. A model is proposed to explain how Spm refines defense mechanisms to tailor an optimal resistance response.
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