Tunable Halide Perovskites for Miniaturized Solid-State Laser Applications

Halide perovskites have shown great potential in optoelectronic applications, such as a record photovoltaic efficiency of 23.3%, and an achievement of external quantum efficiency beyond 20% in perovskite light-emitting diodes, as well as other promising demonstrations of light-emitting transistors and photodetectors. Moreover, the extraordinary optoelectronic properties of optical absorption, high photoluminescence quantum yield, low non-radiative recombination rates, large and balanced charge-carrier mobilities, and high gain coefficients extend their applications into the coherent light sources (laser) field. However, although halide perovskites have made great progress, the realization of solid-state electrically pumped lasers has not been achieved yet. This review starts with a discussion of the structure, optical properties, and gain behaviors of various perovskite materials. Then, the rapid advances of perovskite-based laser applications are reviewed, in which they are mainly classified into three sections: optically pumping lasers, strong-coupling lasers, and continuous-wave pumped lasers. Finally, the conclusions and some remaining challenges for perovskite electrically driven lasers are highlighted.