Journal
ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
Volume 7, Issue 8, Pages 7951-7959Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b00764
Keywords
mechanochemistry; biomass; coating; surface modification; solid-state synthesis; solvent-free
Categories
Funding
- Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)
- Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI)
- Canada Research Chairs (CRC)
- Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis (CGCC)
- Fonds de Recherche du Quebec-Nature et Technologies (FRQNT) Equipe program
- NSERC-Collaborative Research and Training Experience (CREATE) in Green Chemistry
- McGill University
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Phosphorylated polymers are versatile materials for a broad range of applications from flame-retardant coatings to bioactive scaffolds. Traditionally, they are synthesized in solution using corrosive concentrated phosphoric acid and energy intensive drying techniques. In the past decade, mechanochemistry has proven to be a valuable tool for green chemists to conduct new transformations, with minimal waste, often solvent-free. This work presents the phosphorylation of cellulose nanocrystals, poly(ethylene glycol), poly(vinyl alcohol), poly(vinyl chloride), and lignin through mechanochemical processes with phosphorus pentoxide to produce reproducible phosphorylation for potential flame-retardant applications. Through P-31 magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR, loadings of up to 3300 mmol/kg were determined for cellulose nanocrystals, far superior to loadings in solution around 1600 mmol/kg, and loadings of up to 4375 mmol/kg were obtained for synthetic polymers such as poly(vinyl alcohol).
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