Harmful Effects and Control Strategies of Aflatoxin B1 Produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus Strains on Poultry: Review

The presence of aflatoxin B-1 (AFB(1)) in poultry diets decreases the hatchability, hatchling weight, growth rate, meat and egg production, meat and egg quality, vaccination efficiency, as well as impairing the feed conversion ratio and increasing the susceptibility of birds to disease and mortality. AFB(1) is transferred from poultry feed to eggs, meat, and other edible parts, representing a threat to the health of consumers because AFB(1) is carcinogenic and implicated in human liver cancer. This review considers how AFB(1) produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus strains can affect the immune system, antioxidant defense system, digestive system, and reproductive system in poultry, as well as its effects on productivity and reproductive performance. Nutritional factors can offset the effects of AFB(1) in poultry and, thus, it is necessary to identify and select suitable additives to address the problems caused by AFB(1) in poultry.