Journal
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
Volume 56, Issue 3, Pages 686-711Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/anie.201604925
Keywords
electrochemistry; energy storage; organic active materials; organic electrolytes; redox-flow batteries
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Funding
- European Regional Development Fund (EFRE)
- Thuringian Ministry for Economic Affairs, Science and Digital Society (TMWWdG)
- Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (BMWi)
- Central Innovation Programme for SMEs (ZIM)
- Fonds der Chemischen Industrie (FCI)
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Research on redox-flow batteries (RFBs) is currently experiencing a significant upturn, stimulated by the growing need to store increasing quantities of sustainably generated electrical energy. RFBs are promising candidates for the creation of smart grids, particularly when combined with photovoltaics and wind farms. To achieve the goal of green, safe, and cost-efficient energy storage, research has shifted from metal-based materials to organic active materials in recent years. This Review presents an overview of various flow-battery systems. Relevant studies concerning their history are discussed as well as their development over the last few years from the classical inorganic, to organic/inorganic, to RFBs with organic redox-active cathode and anode materials. Available technologies are analyzed in terms of their technical, economic, and environmental aspects; the advantages and limitations of these systems are also discussed. Further technological challenges and prospective research possibilities are highlighted.
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