Selective High-Resolution Detection of Membrane Protein-Ligand Interaction in Native Membranes Using Trityl-Nitroxide PELDOR

The orchestrated interaction of transmembrane proteins with other molecules mediates several crucial biological processes. Detergent solubilization may significantly alter or even abolish such hetero-oligomeric interactions, which makes observing them at high resolution in their native environment technically challenging. Dipolar electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) techniques such as pulsed electro-electron double resonance (PELDOR) can provide very precise distances within biomolecules. To concurrently determine the inter-subunit interaction and the intra-subunit conformational changes in hetero-oligomeric complexes, a combination of different spin labels is required. Orthogonal spin labeling using a triarylmethyl (TAM) label in combination with a nitroxide label is used to detect protein-ligand interactions in native lipid bilayers. This approach provides a higher sensitivity and total selectivity and will greatly facilitate the investigation of multimeric transmembrane complexes employing different spin labels in the native lipid environment.