Journal
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
Volume 55, Issue 10, Pages 3276-+Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/anie.201510841
Keywords
atmospheric chemistry; diffraction; ice clouds; polar stratospheric clouds; vibrational spectroscopy
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Funding
- European Commission
- Austria Science Funds (FWF) [P23027]
- Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (Ramon y Cajal program) [FIS2010-16455, CGL2013-48415]
- Swiss National Science Foundation [200020_125204, 200020_144431/1]
- Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF) [200020_144431, 200020_125204] Funding Source: Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF)
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The composition of high-altitude ice clouds is still a matter of intense discussion. The constituents in question are ice and nitric acid hydrates, but the exact phase composition of clouds and its formation mechanisms are still unknown. In this work, conclusive evidence for a long-predicted phase, alpha-nitric acid trihydrate (alpha-NAT), is presented. This phase was characterized by a combination of X-ray and neutron diffraction experiments, allowing a convincing structure solution. Furthermore, vibrational spectra (infrared and inelastic neutron scattering) were recorded and compared with theoretical calculations. A strong interaction between water ice and alpha-NAT was found, which explains the experimental spectra and the phase-transition kinetics. On the basis of these results, we propose a new three-step mechanism for NAT formation in high-altitude ice clouds.
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