Journal
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
Volume 56, Issue 4, Pages 997-1001Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/anie.201609230
Keywords
cryopreservation; Gibbs-Thompson effect; graphene oxide; hydrogen bonds; ice formation
Categories
Funding
- 973 Program [2013CB933004]
- Chinese National Nature Science Foundation [51436004, 21421061, 11574339, 11404361, 11290164]
- Key Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences [KJZD-EW-M03]
- Deepcomp7000 and ScGrid of Supercomputing Center
- Special Program for Applied Research on Super Computation of the NSFC-Guangdong Joint Fund
- Computer Network Information Center of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai Supercomputer Center of China
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We show graphene oxide (GO) greatly suppresses the growth and recrystallization of ice crystals, and ice crystals display a hexagonal shape in the GO dispersion. Preferred adsorption of GO on the ice crystal surface in liquid water leads to curved ice crystal surface. Therefore, the growth of ice crystal is suppressed owing to the Gibbs-Thompson effect, that is, the curved surface lowers the freezing temperature. Molecular dynamics simulation analysis reveals that oxidized groups on the basal plane of GO form more hydrogen bonds with ice in comparison with liquid water because of the honeycomb hexagonal scaffold of graphene, giving a molecular-level mechanism for controlling ice formation. Application of GO for cryopreservation shows that addition of only 0.01 wt% of GO to a culture medium greatly increases the motility (from 24.3% to 71.3%) of horse sperms. This work reports the control of growth of ice with GO, and opens a new avenue for the application of 2D materials.
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