Journal
CELL REPORTS
Volume 26, Issue 6, Pages 1473-+Publisher
CELL PRESS
DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.01.049
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Funding
- German Research Foundation (DFG) [STU295/7-2, SFB/TR166-TPC5, SCHU924/10-3]
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Phosphorylation of heptahelical receptors is thought to regulate G protein signaling, receptor endocytosis, and non-canonical signaling via recruitment of beta-arrestins. We investigated chemokine receptor functionality under phosphorylation-deficient and beta-arrestin-deficient conditions by studying interneuron migration in the embryonic cortex. This process depends on CXCL12, CXCR4, G protein signaling and on the atypical CXCL12 receptor ACKR3. We found that phosphorylation was crucial, whereas beta-arrestins were dispensable for ACKR3-mediated control of CXCL12 levels in vivo. Cortices of mice expressing phosphorylation-deficient ACKR3 exhibited a major interneuron migration defect, which was accompanied by excessive activation and loss of CXCR4. Cxcl12-overexpressing mice mimicked this phenotype. Excess CXCL12 caused lysosomal CXCR4 degradation, loss of CXCR4 responsiveness, and, ultimately, similar motility defects as Cxcl12 deficiency. By contrast, beta-arrestin deficiency caused only a subtle migration defect mimicked by CXCR4 gain of function. These findings demonstrate that phosphorylation regulates atypical chemokine receptor function without beta-arrestin involvement in chemokine sequestration and non-canonical signaling.
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