Journal
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
Volume 55, Issue 35, Pages 10478-10482Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/anie.201605899
Keywords
Leidenfrost effect; mass spectrometry; reaction acceleration; reaction kinetics; synthesis
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Funding
- National Science Foundation [CHE-1307264]
- U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Separations and Analysis Program [DE-FG02-06ER15807]
- Division Of Chemistry
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien [1307264] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Leidenfrost levitated droplets can be used to accelerate chemical reactions in processes that appear similar to reaction acceleration in charged microdroplets produced by electrospray ionization. Reaction acceleration in Leidenfrost droplets is demonstrated for a base-catalyzed Claisen-Schmidt condensation, hydrazone formation from precharged and neutral ketones, and for the Katritzky pyrylium into pyridinium conversion under various reaction conditions. Comparisons with bulk reactions gave intermediate acceleration factors (2-50). By keeping the volume of the Leidenfrost droplets constant, it was shown that interfacial effects contribute to acceleration; this was confirmed by decreased reaction rates in the presence of a surfactant. The ability to multiplex Leidenfrost microreactors, to extract product into an immiscible solvent during reaction, and to use Leidenfrost droplets as reaction vessels to synthesize milligram quantities of product is also demonstrated.
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