Journal
NUTRIENTS
Volume 11, Issue 3, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/nu11030546
Keywords
Osteomeles schwerinae; diabetic retinopathy (DR); spontaneously diabetic Torii (SDT) rat; human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs); advanced glycation end products (AGEs); retinal apoptosis; oxidative stress; mitochondrial function; adjunctive effect; combination therapy
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Funding
- Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine Grant [K17270, K18270]
- Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries (IPET) through the High Value-added Food Technology Development Program - Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs (MAFRA) [317033-03]
- National Research Council of Science & Technology (NST), Republic of Korea [K18270, K17270] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
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Retinal apoptosis plays a critical role in the progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR), a common diabetic complication. Currently, the tight control of blood glucose levels is the standard approach to prevent or delay the progression of DR. However, prevalence of DR among diabetic patients remains high. Focusing on natural nutrients or herbal medicines that can prevent or delay the onset of diabetic complications, we administered an ethanol extract of the aerial portion of Osteomeles schwerinae (OSSCE), a Chinese herbal medicine, over a period of 17 weeks to spontaneously diabetic Torii (SDT) rats. OSSCE was found to ameliorate retinal apoptosis through the regulation of advanced glycation end product (AGE) accumulation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial function via the inhibition of NF-kappa B activity, in turn, through the downregulation of PKC delta, P47phox, and ERK1/2. We further demonstrated in 25 mM glucose-treated human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs) that hyperoside (3-O-galactoside-quercetin), quercitrin (3-O-rhamnoside-quercetin), and 2 ''-O-acetylvitexin (8-C-(2 ''-O-acetyl-glucoside)-apigenin) were the active components of OSSCE that mediated its pharmacological action. Our results provide evidence that OSSCE is a powerful agent that may directly mediate a delay in the development or disease improvement in patients of DR.
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