The utility of MRI histogram and texture analysis for the prediction of histological diagnosis in head and neck malignancies

BackgroundTo assess the utility of histogram and texture analysis of magnetic resonance (MR) fat-suppressed T2-weighted imaging (Fs-T2WI) for the prediction of histological diagnosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and malignant lymphoma (ML).MethodsThe cases of 57 patients with SCC (45 well/moderately and 12 poorly differentiated SCC) and 10 patients with ML were retrospectively analyzed. Quantitative parameters with histogram features (relative mean signal, coefficient of variation, kurtosis and skewness) and gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) features (contrast, correlation, energy and homogeneity) were calculated using Fs-T2WI data with a manual tumor region of interest (ROI).ResultsThe following significantly different values were obtained for the total SCC versus ML groups: relative mean signal (3.650.86 vs. 2.61 +/- 0.49), contrast (72.9 +/- 16.2 vs. 49.3 +/- 8.7) and homogeneity (2.22 +/- 0.25x10(-1) vs. 2.53 +/- 0.12x10(-1)). In the comparison of the SCC histological grades, the relative mean signal and contrast were significantly lower in the poorly differentiated SCC (2.89 +/- 0.63, 56.2 +/- 12.9) compared to the well/moderately SCC (3.85 +/- 0.81, 77.5 +/- 13.9). The homogeneity in poorly differentiated SCC (2.56 +/- 0.15x10(-1)) was higher than that of the well/moderately SCC (2.1 +/- 0.18x10(-1)).Conclusions Parameters obtained by histogram and texture analysis of Fs-T2WI may be useful for noninvasive prediction of histological type and grade in head and neck malignancy.