Journal
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
Volume 55, Issue 23, Pages 6784-6788Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/anie.201511882
Keywords
biosynthesis; cyclization; enzymes; maleidride; polyketides
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Funding
- BBSRC [BB/J006289/1]
- Syngenta
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BB/J006289/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/K03927X/1, EP/F066104/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- BBSRC [BB/J006289/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- EPSRC [EP/F066104/1, EP/K03927X/1] Funding Source: UKRI
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Fungal maleidrides are an important family of bioactive secondary metabolites that consist of 7, 8, or 9-membered carbocycles with one or two fused maleic anhydride moieties. The biosynthesis of byssochlamic acid (a nonadride) and agnestadrideA (a heptadride) was investigated through gene disruption and heterologous expression experiments. The results reveal that the precursors for cyclization are formed by an iterative highly reducing fungal polyketide synthase supported by a hydrolase, together with two citrate-processing enzymes. The enigmatic ring formation is catalyzed by two proteins with homology to ketosteroid isomerases, and assisted by two proteins with homology to phosphatidylethanolamine-binding proteins.
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