Journal
VIRUSES-BASEL
Volume 11, Issue 2, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/v11020168
Keywords
neutrophils; inflammatory monocytes; inflammation; viral infection; myeloid cells; type I interferon
Categories
Funding
- New Investigator Award from the Terry Fox Research Institute [1041]
- Terry Fox Research Institute [1073]
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) [436264]
- NSERC [355661]
- Vanier Canada Graduate Scholarship
- Ontario Veterinary College (OVC) Pet Trust Scholarship
- Art Rouse Cancer Biology Graduate Student Award
- Canadian Graduate Scholarship-Doctoral Award (NSERC)
- Ontario Graduate Scholarship
- OVC Graduate Scholarship
- Ontario Trillium Scholarship
- Brock Doctoral Scholarship
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Myeloid cells represent a diverse range of innate leukocytes that are crucial for mounting successful immune responses against viruses. These cells are responsible for detecting pathogen-associated molecular patterns, thereby initiating a signaling cascade that results in the production of cytokines such as interferons to mitigate infections. The aim of this review is to outline recent advances in our knowledge of the roles that neutrophils and inflammatory monocytes play in initiating and coordinating host responses against viral infections. A focus is placed on myeloid cell development, trafficking and antiviral mechanisms. Although known for promoting inflammation, there is a growing body of literature which demonstrates that myeloid cells can also play critical regulatory or immunosuppressive roles, especially following the elimination of viruses. Additionally, the ability of myeloid cells to control other innate and adaptive leukocytes during viral infections situates these cells as key, yet under-appreciated mediators of pathogenic inflammation that can sometimes trigger cytokine storms. The information presented here should assist researchers in integrating myeloid cell biology into the design of novel and more effective virus-targeted therapies.
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