Journal
ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY
Volume 55, Issue -, Pages 117-124Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2019.03.009
Keywords
Antibiotic compounds; Ultrasound; Sonocatalysis; Cellulosic nanostructures; ZnO nanoparticles
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Funding
- National Science Center, Warsaw, Poland [UMO-2017/25/B/ST8/01364]
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The aim of the present investigation was the combination of ZnO nanostructures with nano-cellulose (NC) for the efficient degradation of tetracycline (TC) antibiotic under ultrasonic irradiation. The removal efficiency of 12.8% was obtained by the sole use of ultrasound (US), while the removal efficiency increased up to 70% by the US/ZnO treatment process. Due to the integration of ZnO nanostructures with NC, the removal efficiency of 87.6% was obtained within 45 min. The removal efficiency substantially decreased in the presence of tert-butyl alcohol (more than 25% reduction), indicating that (OH)-O-rad-mediation oxidation is responsible for the degradation of TC molecules. Peroxymonosulfate (PMS) led to the most enhancing effect on the removal of TC among per-carbonate, persulfate and periodate ions. The addition of PMS caused the degradation efficiency of 96.4% within the short contact time of 15 min. The bio-toxicity examination on the basis of inhibition test conducted on activated sludge revealed diminishing the oxygen consumption inhibition percent [I-OUR (%)] from 33.6 to 22.1% during the US/ZnO/NC process. Consequently, the utilization of the US/ZnO/NC process can convert TC molecules to less toxic compounds. However, longer reaction time is required for complete conversion into nontoxic substances.
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