Journal
SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY
Volume 361, Issue -, Pages 403-412Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA
DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2019.01.071
Keywords
Cold spray; Impact; Metal/ceramic interface; Adhesion strength; Substrate morphology; Impact velocity
Funding
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Strategic Grants Program
- US Army Research Laboratory [W911NF-15-2-0034]
- U.S. Army Research Office through the Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies [W911NF-13-D-0001, W911NF-18-2-0048]
- Office of Naval Research DURIP [N00014-13-1-0676]
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The cold spray process and laser-induced projectile impact test (LIPIT) are used to deposit Ti powder particles on sintered polycrystalline Al2O3. Whereas LIPIT allows real-time observations of single particle impact and measurement of particle impact velocity, cold spray rapidly and simultaneously deposits particles with a wide range of deposition velocities and sizes. By use of these two techniques, the effect of particle velocity and substrate morphology on adhesion strength of single splats is investigated. The critical velocity for deposition is identified to be approximately 580 m/s for the Ti/Al2O3 system when using LIPIT and particles of 10 mu m. Above the critical velocity, flattening ratio (FR) is also evaluated and observed to be linearly dependent on the particle impact velocity. Splat adhesion testing is performed on LIPIT-deposited as well as on cold spray-deposited powder particles to measure adhesion strength. This analysis shows that adhesion strength is highly affected by local substrate surface morphology, where particles bond more weakly to relatively smooth portions of the substrate. Therefore, mechanical bonding plays a significant role in adhesion. Also, adhesion strength decreases with an increase in FR and therefore velocity. This decrease can be associated with fracture of the ceramic substrate and rebound forces.
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