Journal
BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH
Volume 171, Issue 1, Pages 71-78Publisher
HUMANA PRESS INC
DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0526-x
Keywords
Cadmium; Total testosterone; Chinese; Sex hormone-binding globulin
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [81270885, 81070677]
- Clinical Potential Subject Construction of Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine
- Ministry of Science and Technology in China [2012CB524906]
- Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality [14495810700]
- fund for outstanding academic leaders in Shanghai [12XD1403100]
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Cadmium is a widespread environmental pollutant. We aimed to determine whether blood cadmium level (BCL) associates with reproductive hormones in a cross-sectional study. Our data were from SPECT-China. We selected 5690 participants (2286 men and 3404 women), aged 18 years and older, among whom 1589 were postmenopausal women. BCL, blood lead level, total testosterone (TT), estradiol (E2), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone were measured. Results showed that BCL was significantly higher in men (median 1.90 mu g/L) than that in women (median 1.56 mu g/L). The median level of cadmium in postmenopausal women was 1.40 mu g/L. In men, BCL was negatively correlated with TT (Spearmen coefficient = -0.057, P < 0.01) and SHBG (Spearmen coefficient = -0.098, P < 0.01), but in postmenopausal women, this correlation was not observed. In linear regression, after full adjustment for blood lead level, age, body mass index, residence area, economic status, and smoking, TT and SHBG were still negatively associated with BCL in men. Additionally, the association between BCL and TT levels was modified by BMI group (P for interaction = 0.041). However, from base model to fully adjusted model, BCL was not associated with TT and E2 in postmenopausal women. In conclusion, men had higher BCL than women in China, and BCL was associated with TT and SHBG in Chinese men, which may have important implications for male reproductive health. Concerted efforts are warranted to reduce adult cadmium exposure.
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