Journal
SENSORS
Volume 19, Issue 5, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/s19051247
Keywords
soil moisture; land surface temperature; downscaling; LST; FVC space
Funding
- Ningxia Key Research and Development Program [2018BEG03069]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [41871338, 41771448]
- Yue Qi Young Scholar Project, CUMTB
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [2015QD02]
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Downscaling microwave soil moisture (SM) with optical/thermal remote sensing data has considerable application potential. Spatial correlations between SM and land surface temperature (LST) or LST-derived SM indexes (SMIs) are vital to the current optical/thermal and microwave fusion downscaling methods. In this study, the spatial correlations were evaluated at the same spatial scale using SMAPVEX12 SM data and MODIS day/night LST products. LST-derived SMIs was calculated using NLDAS-2 gridded meteorological data with conventional trapezoid and two-stage trapezoid models. Results indicated that (1) SM agrees better with daytime LST than the nighttime or the day-night differential LST; (2) the daytime LSTs on Aqua and Terra present very similar spatial agreement with SM and they have very similar performances as downscaling factors in simulating SM; (3) decoupling effect among SM, LST, and LST-derived SMIs occurs not only in very wet but also in very dry condition; and (4) the decoupling effect degrades the performance of LST as a downscaling factor. The future downscaling algorithms should consider net surface radiation and soil type to tackle the decoupling effect.
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