Journal
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
Volume 651, Issue -, Pages 2830-2844Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.181
Keywords
Oil sands process-affected water; Naphthenic acids; Subcellular responses; Fluorescence microscopy; Cellular biosensor; Reactive oxygen species
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Funding
- Canada's Oil Sands Innovation Alliance (COSIA)
- University of Calgary
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Oil sands surface mining generates vast quantities of oil sands process-affected water (OSPW) as a by-product of bitumen extraction. The acid extractable organic (AEO) fraction of OSPW contains several contaminants, including naphthenic acids (NAs). While responses of living organisms to NA and AEO exposure have been described at the developmental, physiological, metabolic and gene expression levels, the effects of these compounds at the cellular and subcellular level are limited. Using live cell fluorescence microscopy and a suite of fluorescent marker proteins, we studied the intracellular responses of the plant cell cytoskeleton and several membrane-bound organelles to NA and AEO treatments. A rapid disassembly of cortical microtubules and a decrease in dynamics associated with actin filaments was observed in response to these treatments. Concomitantly, the integrity and dynamics of mitochondria, peroxisomes, Golgi stacks, and endoplasmic reticulum were also altered. AEO treatments were the most toxic to cells and resulted in the accumulation reactive oxygen species. This study provides foundational evidence for intracellular responses to NA and AEO exposure using two evolutionarily diverse model plant cell types. This cellular assay could be used to identify the most toxic components of AEO sub-fractions, and assist in determining the effectiveness of OSPW remediation efforts. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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