Journal
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
Volume 658, Issue -, Pages 280-293Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.164
Keywords
Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region; Particulate matter; Spatial and temporal distribution; Chemical characteristics; Source apportionment
Categories
Funding
- National Science and Technology Support Plan [2014BAC23B01]
- National Key Technology Support Program [2016YFC0208501, 2016YFC0208502, 2016YFC0208506]
- Tianjin Science and Technology Project [16YFZCSF00260]
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Particulate matter (PM) pollution is severe in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region. Although the air quality has improved, the average PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations in 2016 were still higher than the National Ambient Air Quality Standard by 2.0 and 1.7 times, respectively. Using the empirical orthogonal function (EOF) method to analyze the spatial characteristics of its 13 cities, it was found that the BTH region could be categorized into four districts. The first district included Xingtai, Shijiazhuang, and Baoding; the second district included Handan, Hengshui, and Langfang; the third district included Beijing, Tangshan, Cangzhou, and Tianjin; and the fourth district included Qinhuangdao, Chengde, and Zhangjiakou. PM2.5 samples were collected synchronously in five typical cities, and it was shown that the major chemical constituents of PM included organic carbon (OC), nitrate (NO3-), sulfate (SO4-), ammonium (NH4+), elemental carbon (EC), Si, Cl-, Fe, Al, and Mg. The species with the highest contents were OC in the winter, SO42- and NH4+ in the summer, and NO in the spring. The highest concentrations of OC, NO3-, EC, Si, Cl-, Al, and Mg were found in Baoding, and the highest concentrations of SO42-, NH4+, and Fe were found in Shijiazhuang.The sources of PM2.5 were analyzed using the positive matrix factorization model. The major sources of PM2.5 in the BTH region included coal combustion (10.9%-18.6%), secondary inorganic aerosols (35.4%-42.4%), vehicle emissions (10.6%-18.6%), soil road dust (10.6%-23.6%), and industrial emissions (8.6%-18.2%). (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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