Emerging roles for chemokines and cytokines as orchestrators of immunopathology in Sjogren's syndrome

In primary SS (pSS), chemokines and cytokines orchestrate immunopathology driven by a complex network of interacting inflammatory cells. In recent years, the importance of chemotactic and non-chemotactic cytokines that control function, movement and placing of all cells within the inflamed exocrine glands and directing immunopathology has become increasingly clear. This paper reviews the current knowledge on chemokines and focuses on the emerging roles of novel chemotactic and non-chemotactic mediators in pSS. It highlights their contribution to pathogenic processes such as B cell hyperactivity and the formation of ectopic lymphoid structures. To this end, the role of acquired (CXCR5/CCR9 Th-cell-mediated) and innate (inflammasome/IL-1/IL-18-mediated) pathways in steering immunopathology is discussed.

Automated summary

In pSS, chemokines and cytokines play crucial roles in orchestrating immunopathology through regulating a complex network of interacting inflammatory cells. The emerging roles of novel chemotactic and non-chemotactic mediators are highlighted in controlling pathogenic processes, such as promoting B cell hyperactivity and ectopic lymphoid structures formation.