Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Volume 116, Issue 11, Pages 4946-4954Publisher
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1813352116
Keywords
GCN2; P-stalk; HDX-MS; uL10/P1/P2; ribosome stalling
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Funding
- Medical Research Council (MRC)
- Henslow Research Fellowship from The Cambridge Philosophical Society
- St. Catharine's College, Cambridge
- MRC Career Development Fellowship
- St. John's College
- MRC [MC_UP_A022_1007, MC_U105184308]
- MRC [MC_UP_A022_1007, MC_U105184308] Funding Source: UKRI
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Cells dynamically adjust their protein translation profile to maintain homeostasis in changing environments. During nutrient stress, the kinase general control nonderepressible 2 (GCN2) phosphorylates translation initiation factor eIF2 alpha, initiating the integrated stress response (ISR). To examine the mechanism of GCN2 activation, we have reconstituted this process in vitro, using purified components. We find that recombinant human GCN2 is potently stimulated by ribosomes and, to a lesser extent, by tRNA. Hydrogen/deuterium exchange-mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) mapped GCN2-ribosome interactions to domain II of the uL10 sub-unit of the ribosomal P-stalk. Using recombinant, purified P-stalk, we showed that this domain of uL10 is the principal component of binding to GCN2; however, the conserved 14-residue C-terminal tails (CTTs) in the P1 and P2 P-stalk proteins are also essential for GCN2 activation. The HisRS-like and kinase domains of GCN2 show conformational changes upon binding recombinant P-stalk complex. Given that the ribosomal P-stalk stimulates the GTPase activity of elongation factors during translation, we propose that the P-stalk could link GCN2 activation to translational stress, leading to initiation of ISR.
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