Journal
BIOLOGICAL REVIEWS
Volume 91, Issue 2, Pages 311-327Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/brv.12172
Keywords
intentional signals; emotional signals; gestures; facial expressions; self-handicapping behaviour
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Funding
- National Science Foundation
- U.S. Department of Homeland Security
- U.S. Department of Agriculture through NSF [EF-0832858, DBI-1300426]
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville
- Direct For Biological Sciences
- Div Of Biological Infrastructure [1300426] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Rough-and-tumble play (RT) is a widespread phenomenon in mammals. Since it involves competition, whereby one animal attempts to gain advantage over another, RT runs the risk of escalation to serious fighting. Competition is typically curtailed by some degree of cooperation and different signals help negotiate potential mishaps during RT. This review provides a framework for such signals, showing that they range along two dimensions: one from signals borrowed from other functional contexts to those that are unique to play, and the other from purely emotional expressions to highly cognitive (intentional) constructions. Some animal taxa have exaggerated the emotional and cognitive interplay aspects of play signals, yielding admixtures of communication that have led to complex forms of RT. This complexity has been further exaggerated in some lineages by the development of specific novel gestures that can be used to negotiate playful mood and entice reluctant partners. Play-derived gestures may provide new mechanisms by which more sophisticated communication forms can evolve. Therefore, RT and playful communication provide a window into the study of social cognition, emotional regulation and the evolution of communication systems.
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