Journal
PLANT CELL
Volume 31, Issue 5, Pages 1113-1126Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
DOI: 10.1105/tpc.18.00894
Keywords
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [31530051, 31571247, 91735303]
- Youth Innovation Promotion Association, Chinese Academy of Sciences [2016094]
- U.S. National Science Foundation [NSF/OIA-1833040, NSF/DMR-1644779, NSF/CHE-1229170]
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics
- State of Florida
- U.S. National Institutes of Health [NIH-S10-OD018519]
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Acetylation, a prevalent modification of cell-wall polymers, is a tightly controlled regulatory process that orchestrates plant growth and environmental adaptation. However, due to limited characterization of the enzymes involved, it is unclear how plants establish and dynamically regulate the acetylation pattern in response to growth requirements. In this study, we identified a rice (Otyza sativa) GDSL esterase that deacetylates the side chain of the major rice hemicellulose, arabinoxylan. Acetyl esterases involved in arabinoxylan modification were screened using enzymatic assays combined with mass spectrometry analysis. One candidate, DEACETYLASE ON ARABINOSYL SIDECHAIN OF XYLAN1 (DARX1), is specific for arabinosyl residues. Disruption of DARX1 via Tos17 insertion and CRISPR/Cas9 approaches resulted in the accumulation of acetates on the xylan arabinosyl side chains. Recombinant DARX1 abolished the excess acetyl groups on arabinoxylan-derived oligosaccharides of the darx1 mutants in vitro. Moreover, DARX1 is localized to the Golgi apparatus. Two-dimensional C-13-C-13 correlation spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy further revealed that the abnormal acetylation pattern observed in darx1 interrupts arabinoxylan conformation and cellulose microfibril orientation, resulting in compromised secondary wall patterning and reduced mechanical strength. This study provides insight into the mechanism controlling the acetylation pattern on arabinoxylan side chains and suggests a strategy to breed robust elite crops.
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