Journal
OPTICAL AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS
Volume 51, Issue 2, Pages -Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s11082-019-1759-2
Keywords
Nanolithography; Subwavelength structure; Waveguide mode; Sample rotation
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [61865008]
- Undergraduate Innovation Training Program of GanSu province [DC2018002]
- Undergraduate Innovation Training Program of Lanzhou University of Technology [DC2018004]
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A theoretical method of using high-order waveguide-mode interference combined with sample rotation is proposed to fabricate different kinds of three-dimensional nanolattice structures. The lithography sample is assisted by an asymmetric metal-cladding dielectric waveguide structure. High-order waveguide modes can be excited in the photoresist layer by both transverse magnetic and transverse electric polarized light. By utilizing multiple exposures of high-order waveguide-mode interference combined with sample-rotation, various three-dimensional nanolattice structures can be obtained. The resulting optical field distributions are simulated using the finite element method in this study, and sample rotation is expressed by coordinate matrix transformation. As examples, the three-dimensional optical field distributions resulting from fifth-order waveguide-mode interference were simulated with 90 degrees and 60 degrees sample rotations and multiple exposures. The results show that a quasi-cuboid structure with a simpletetragonal arrangement and a quasi-hexagonal structure with a hexagonal close-packed lattice can be obtained. Moreover, the numerical simulation results revealed that the shapes, sizes, arrangements, and periods of the structures can be controlled by the rotation method, photoresist thickness, waveguide modes used for exposure, and so on.
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