Journal
NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS
Volume 21, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
IOP PUBLISHING LTD
DOI: 10.1088/1367-2630/ab0a81
Keywords
polarons; non-equilibrium many-body systems; impurity-bath decoherence; quantum gases
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Funding
- DNRF through a Niels Bohr Professorship
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We study the quantum dynamics of a single impurity following its sudden immersion into a Bose-Einstein condensate. The ensuing formation of the Bose polaron in this general setting can be seen as impurity decoherence driven by the condensate, which we describe within a master equation approach. Wederive rigorous analytical results for this decoherence dynamics, and thereby reveal distinct stages of its evolution from a universal stretched exponential initial relaxation to the final approach to equilibrium. The associated polaron formation time exhibits a strong dependence on the impurity speed and is found to undergo a critical slowdown around the speed of sound of the condensate. This rich non-equilibrium behavior of quantum impurities is of direct relevance to recent cold atom experiments, in which Bose polarons are created by a sudden quench of the impurity-bath interaction.
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