Journal
NATURE
Volume 567, Issue 7746, Pages 61-+Publisher
NATURE PORTFOLIO
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-0952-6
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Funding
- ARO through the IARPA LogiQ programme
- AFOSR MURI on Quantum Measurement and Verification
- ARO MURI on Modular Quantum Circuits
- DOE ASCR Program
- NSF Physics Frontier Center at JQI
- Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics of the US Department of Energy through the COMPHEP pilot Probing information scrambling via quantum teleportation [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
- Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Quantum Algorithm Teams Program
- Government of Canada through Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada
- province of Ontario through the Ministry of Economic Development, Job Creation and Trade
- National Science Foundation [DGE 1752814]
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Quantum scrambling is the dispersal of local information into many-body quantum entanglements and correlations distributed throughout an entire system. This concept accompanies the dynamics of thermalization in closed quantum systems, and has recently emerged as a powerful tool for characterizing chaos in black holes(1-4). However, the direct experimental measurement of quantum scrambling is difficult, owing to the exponential complexity of ergodic many-body entangled states. One way to characterize quantum scrambling is to measure an out-of-time-ordered correlation function (OTOC); however, because scrambling leads to their decay, OTOCs do not generally discriminate between quantum scrambling and ordinary decoherence. Here we implement a quantum circuit that provides a positive test for the scrambling features of a given unitary process(5,6). This approach conditionally teleports a quantum state through the circuit, providing an unambiguous test for whether scrambling has occurred, while simultaneously measuring an OTOC. We engineer quantum scrambling processes through a tunable three-qubit unitary operation as part of a seven-qubit circuit on an ion trap quantum computer. Measured teleportation fidelities are typically about 80 per cent, and enable us to experimentally bound the scrambling-induced decay of the corresponding OTOC measurement.
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