Journal
NANO LETTERS
Volume 19, Issue 4, Pages 2575-2582Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b00342
Keywords
Polyphosphides; CuP2; graphene; anodes; sodium-ion batteries
Categories
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [21671131, 11875185, 21805180, 41430644]
- Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University [IRT_17R71]
- Program for Professor of Special Appointment (Eastern Scholar) at Shanghai Institutions of Higher Learning
- Australia Research Council [DP160102627, DP 170101467, DE170101426]
- Australian Research Council [DE170101426] Funding Source: Australian Research Council
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Metal polyphosphides are regarded as the ideal anode candidates for sodium storage because of their high theoretical capacity, reasonable potential, and abundant resource alternative. However, most of them suffer from irreversibility problems, as reflected by their low reversible capacity, inferior Coulombic efficiency (CE), low rate capability, and poor cycling stability. In this work, we systematically compare the electrochemical behavior of a variety of polyphosphides bulks, discovering that the CuP2 bulks have higher initial reversible capacity (416 mAh g(-1) at 0.1 A g(-1)) and CE (74%) compared to the FeP2, CoP3, and NiP2 bulks, which is related to the unique crystal structure of CuP2. The CuP2 electrode is optimized by the rational design of encapsulating CuP2 nanoparticles into three-dimensional graphene networks (CuP2@GNs), leading to excellent electrochemical performance. In the carbonate electrolyte, the CuP2@GNs electrode can deliver the reversible capacities of up to 804, 736, 685, 621, and 508 mAh g(-1) at 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, and 5 A g(-1), respectively, along with a first CE of 66%. The reversible capacity can be up to 737 mAh g(-1) at 0.1 A g(-1) with a first CE of 83% in the ether electrolyte. These excellent performance demonstrates that CuP2@GNs could be a promising anode material for sodium-ion batteries.
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