Journal
ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA
Volume 934, Issue -, Pages 106-113Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.06.014
Keywords
Ionic liquids; Magnetic ionic liquids; Magnetic-assisted microextraction; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; High-performance liquid chromatography
Categories
Funding
- Agencia Canaria de Investigacion, Innovacion y Sociedad de la Informacion (ACIISI)
- European Social Fund
- Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) [MAT2013-43101-R, MAT2014-57465-R]
- Fundacion CajaCanarias [SPDs-Agua05]
- Chemical Measurement and Imaging Program at the National Science Foundation [CHE-1413199]
- Division Of Chemistry
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien [1602091] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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This work describes the applicability of magnetic ionic liquids (MILs) in the analytical determination of a group of heavy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Three different MILs, namely, benzyltrioctylammonium bromotrichloroferrate (III) (MIL A), methoxybenzyltrioctylammonium bromotrichloroferrate (III) (MIL B), and 1,12-di(3-benzylbenzimidazolium) dodecane bis[(trifluoromethyl) sulfonyl)] imide bromotrichloroferrate (III) (MIL C), were designed to exhibit hydrophobic properties, and their performance examined in a microextraction method for hydrophobic analytes. The magnet-assisted approach with these MILs was performed in combination with high performance liquid chromatography and fluorescence detection. The study of the extraction performance showed that MIL A was the most suitable solvent for the extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and under optimum conditions the fast extraction step required similar to 20 mu L of MIL A for 10 mL of aqueous sample, 24 mmol L-1 NaOH, high ionic strength content of NaCl (25% (w/v)), 500 mL of acetone as dispersive solvent, and 5 min of vortex. The desorption step required the aid of an external magnetic field with a strong NdFeB magnet (the separation requires few seconds), two back-extraction steps for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons retained in the MIL droplet with n-hexane, evaporation and reconstitution with acetonitrile. The overall method presented limits of detection down to 5 ng L-1, relative recoveries ranging from 91.5 to 119%, and inter-day reproducibility values (expressed as relative standard derivation) lower than 16.4% for a spiked level of 0.4 mg L-1 (n = 9). The method was also applied for the analysis of real samples, including tap water, wastewater, and tea infusion. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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