A relationship between displacement and tilting angle of the slope surface in shallow landslides

Tilt sensors with low cost and simple installation weredeveloped for slope monitoring, but there is limited evidence to testify that the tilting angle of slope surface can be considered as an important indication of landslides, similar as the displacement of slope surface. In this study, the relationship between displacement and tilting angle of theslope surfacein shallow landslides was investigated by the laboratory tests under different testing condition and field tests in which the slope failure was induced by applying artificialrainfall. A linear relationship between the displacement and tilting angleofslope surface was detected, and the equation for this linear relationship was also proposed in this study. Furthermore, the results also indicated that the linear relationship between the displacement and tilting angle of slope surface is independent of triggering factors of slope failure, materials of slopes, as well as the slopes sizes.