Journal
JOURNAL OF TISSUE ENGINEERING AND REGENERATIVE MEDICINE
Volume 13, Issue 4, Pages 694-703Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/term.2828
Keywords
3D-printed; goat; large animal experiment; PCL; tissue-engineered trachea; trachea transplantation
Categories
Funding
- Biomedical Engineering fund of Shanghai Jiao Tong University [YG2012MS36, YG2016MS28]
- Southeast University
- Scientific research project of Ai You Foundation [2017SCMC-AY002]
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine [TM201504]
- Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning [20144Y0166]
- Science and Technology Development Fund of Shanghai Pudong [PKJ2012-Y48, PKJ2016-Y33]
- Shanghai Science and Technology Development Fund [12ZR1446500, 15411966800, 16CR3078B]
- National Natural Science Fund of China [31200735, 81670372, 81671833]
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Traditional treatment therapies for tracheal stenosis often cause severe post-operative complications. To solve the current difficulties, novel and more suitable long-term treatments are needed. A whole-segment tissue-engineered trachea (TET) representing the native goat trachea was 3D printed using a poly(caprolactone) (PCL) scaffold engineered with autologous auricular cartilage cells. The TET underwent mechanical analysis followed by in vivo implantations in order to evaluate the clinical feasibility and potential. The 3D-printed scaffolds were successfully cellularized, as observed by scanning electron microscopy. Mechanical force compression studies revealed that both PCL scaffolds and TETs have a more robust compressive strength than does the native trachea. In vivo implantation of TETs in the experimental group resulted in significantly higher mean post-operative survival times, 65.00 +/- 24.01 days (n = 5), when compared with the control group, which received autologous trachea grafts, 17.60 +/- 3.51 days (n = 5). Although tracheal narrowing was confirmed by bronchoscopy and computed tomography examination in the experimental group, tissue necrosis was only observed in the control group. Furthermore, an encouraging epithelial-like tissue formation was observed in the TETs after transplantation. This large animal study provides potential preclinical evidence around the employment of an orthotopic transplantation of a whole 3D-printed TET.
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