The acute effects of caffeine intake on time under tension and power generated during the bench press movement

Background: The ability to generate high levels of power is one of the key factors determining success in many sport disciplines. Although there are studies confirming ergogenic effects of caffeine (CAF) on different physical and mental abilities, much controversy remains about its influence on power. The main goal of this study was to assess the effects of caffeine supplementation on time under tension (TUT) and the number of performed repetitions (REP). The second objective was to determine the effects of CAF supplementation on power (P) and movement velocity (V) during the bench press movement. Additionally the authors evaluated whether CAF has a significant effect on velocity of the bar in the eccentric (ECC) phase (VEMEAN) of the bench press movement. Methods: The study included 20 men (20-31 yrs., 87.3 +/- 7.7 kg) with at least 2 years of experience in resistance training. The study participants were divided randomly into two groups: the supplemented group ingested caffeine before exercise (G(CAF)), while the control group was given a placebo (G(CON)). The exercise protocol consisted of performing the bench press movement with a load equal to 70%1RM with maximal possible velocity (X/0/X/0). The experimental sets were performed to momentary muscular failure. Results: The repeated measures ANOVA between the G(CAF) and G(CON) groups revealed statistically significant differences in 2 variables. Post-hoc tests demonstrated statistically significant differences in TUT when comparing the group supplemented with caffeine (13.689 s G(CAF)) to the one ingesting a placebo (15.332 s G(CON)) at p=0.002. Significant differences were also observed in mean velocity during the eccentric phase of movement (0.690 m/s in the G(CAF) to 0.609 in G(CON) with p=0.002). There were no significant differences in generated power and velocity in the CON phase of the movement between the G(CAF) and G(CON.) Conclusions: The main finding of the study is that CAF ingestion increases movement velocity of the bar in the eccentric phase of the movement, what results in shortening of the time under tension (TUT) needed for performing a specific number of repetitions, without decreasing power and velocity in the CON phase of the movement.