Journal
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
Volume 78, Issue 10, Pages 730-736Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.01.006
Keywords
Apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 (APOE*E4) allele; Dementia; Depression; Older adults; Population-based study; Prospective
Categories
Funding
- Swedish Research Council [11267, 2005-8460, 825-2007-7462, 825-2012-5041, 2013-8717]
- Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life and Wellfare [2001-2646, 2001-2835, 2003-0234, 2004-0150, 2006-0020, 2008-1229, 2004-0145, 2006-0596, 2008-1111, 2010-0870, AGECAP 2013-2300, 2013-2496, Epilife 2006-1506]
- Swedish Brain Power
- Alzheimer's Association Zenith Award [ZEN-01-3151]
- Alzheimer's Association Stephanie B. Overstreet Scholars Grant [IIRG-00-2159]
- Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation
- Sahlgrenska University Hospital
- Emil and Maria Palm Foundation
- Bank of Sweden Tercentenary Foundation
- EU [211696]
- Eivind och Elsa K:son Sylvans stiftelse
- Stiftelsen Soderstrom-Konigska Sjukhemmet
- Stiftelsen for Gamla Tjanarinnor
- Stiftelsen Handlanden Hjalmar Svenssons Forskningsfond
- Stiftelsen Langmanska Kulturfonden
- Epilife Small Grant
- Stiftelsen Demensfonden
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BACKGROUND: It is well established that there is an association between the apolipoprotein E (APOE) epsilon 4 allele (APOE*E4) and Alzheimer's disease. It is less clear whether there is also an association with geriatric depression. We examined the relationship between APOE*E4 and 5-year incidence of depression in a Swedish population-based sample of older adults without dementia and excluding older adults who developed dementia within 4 years after the diagnosis of depression. METHODS: In 2000-2001, 839 women and men (age range, 70-92 years; mean age, 73.8 years) free from dementia and depression underwent neuropsychiatric and neuropsychological examinations and genotyping of the APOE*E4 allele. Follow-up evaluations were conducted in 2005 and 2009. The association between APOE*E4 allele and 5-year incidence of depression was examined, while avoiding possible confounding effects of clinical or preclinical dementia by excluding participants who had dementia at study entry, subsequently developed dementia during the 9-year follow-up period, or had a decline in Mini-Mental State Examination score of >= 5 points. RESULTS: Among subjects without depression at study entry and without dementia or significant cognitive decline during the subsequent 9 years, APOE*E4 was prospectively associated with more severe depressive symptoms (b = 1.56, p = .007), incident minor depression (odds ratio 5 1.99 [confidence interval 5 1.11-3.55], p = .020), and any depression (odds ratio = 1.75 [confidence interval = 1.01-3.03], p = .048). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of the APOE*E4 allele predicted future depression in this Swedish population study, even after excluding depressed individuals who later developed dementia, suggesting that the APOE*E4 allele could potentially identify people at high risk for clinically significant depression.
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