Journal
JOURNAL OF POLYMERS AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Volume 27, Issue 4, Pages 847-861Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s10924-019-01398-y
Keywords
Cellulose nanofibers; Nanocomposites; Cellulose-poly(lactic acid) composites; TEMPO-mediated oxidation; Ring-opening polymerization
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Funding
- Research and Researchers for Industries (RRI) PhD Scholarship by the Thailand Research Fund under the Office of the Prime Minister, Royal Thai Government [PHD57I0037]
- PTT Global Chemical Public Company Limited, Thailand
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Highly crystalline cellulose nanofibers with a high density of carboxylate groups only on the surfaces were prepared from both softwood and non-wood cellulose pulp. The preparation method used 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO)-mediated oxidation of native cellulose fibrils in an aqueous TEMPO/NaBr/NaClO system and subsequent postoxidation with NaClO2 in acetate buffer (pH 4.8). The TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers (TOCNs) possessed a carboxylate content of 1.7mmolg(-1) and a crystallinity of 67-69% with a crystallite size of approximate to 3nm. The TOCNs were used to produce highly crystalline TOCN-graft-poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanocomposites via ring-opening polymerization of l-lactide in a polar aprotic solvent. Effects of the reaction temperature and the molar ratio of l-lactide to carboxylate surface groups, on the efficiency of surface grafting were investigated to potentially improve the crystallinity and thermal properties of the nanocomposites. The crystallinity of TOCN-g-PLA products was 59-66% greater than the crystallinity of neat PLA.
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