iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics reveals the neuroprotection of rhubarb in experimental intracerebral hemorrhage

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Rhubarb is a traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), that possesses neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidative, purgative and anticancer properties, and has been used to treat intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and many other diseases. Aims of the study: This study aimed to investigate the changes of brain protein in ICH rats treated with rhubarb and to explore the multi-target mechanism of rhubarb in the treatment of ICH via bioinformatics analysis of differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). Materials and methods: Rats were subjected to collagenase-induced ICH and then treated orally with 3 or 12 g/kg rhubarb daily for 2 days following ICH. After sacrifice, total protein of brain tissue was extracted, and isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ)-based liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis was employed to quantitatively identify of the DEPs in two treatment groups compared with the vehicle group. The DEPs were analyzed by Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and STRING databases. Bioinformatics Analysis Tool for Molecular mechanism of TCM (BATMAN-TCM) was used to predict the target of rhubarb and western blotting was used for verification. Results: In total, 1356 proteins were identified with a 1% false discovery rate (FDR). Among them, 55 DEPs were significantly altered in the sham, vehicle, low dose rhubarb group (LDR, 3 g/kg), and high dose rhubarb group (HDR, 12 g/kg). Enrichment analysis of GO annotations indicated that rhubarb mainly regulated expression of some neuron projection proteins involved in the response to drug and nervous system development. The dopaminergic synapse pathway was found to be the most significant DEP in the combined analysis of the KEGG and BATMAN-TCM databases. Based on the results of the STRING analysis, oxidative stress (OS), calcium binding protein regulation, vascularization, and energy metabolism were important in the rhubarb therapeutic process. Conclusion: Rhubarb achieves its effects mainly through the dopaminergic synapse pathway in ICH treatment. The ICH-treating mechanisms of rhubarb may also involve anti-OS, calcium binding protein regulation, angiogenic regulation, and energy metabolism improvement. This study adds new evidence to clinical applications of rhubarb for ICH.