Journal
JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY
Volume 240, Issue 3, Pages R73-R96Publisher
BIOSCIENTIFICA LTD
DOI: 10.1530/JOE-18-0571
Keywords
genetically engineered models; xenografts; pituitary tumors; neuroendocrine tumors; thyroid tumors
Categories
Funding
- Junta de Andalucia [CTS-1406, BIO-0139]
- ISCIII-FIS
- European Union (ERDF/ESF, 'Investing in your future') [PI16/00264, CP15/00156, PI17/02287]
- MINECO [BFU2016-80360-R, FPU14/04290]
- CIBER (Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Sanidad, Servicios Sociales e Igualdad, Spain)
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Endocrine and neuroendocrine tumors comprise a highly heterogeneous group of neoplasms that can arise from (neuro) endocrine cells, either from endocrine glands or from the widespread diffuse neuroendocrine system, and, conse quently, are widely distributed throughout the body. Due to their diversity, heterogeneity and limited incidence, studying in detail the molecular and genetic alterations that underlie their development and progression is still a highly elusive task. This, in turn, hinders the discovery of novel therapeutic options for these tumors. To circumvent these limitations, numerous mouse models of endocrine and neuroendocrine tumors have been developed, characterized and used in preclinical, co-clinical (implemented in mouse models and patients simultaneously) and post-clinical studies, for they represent powerful and necessary tools in basic and translational tumor biology research. Indeed, different in vivo mouse models, including cell line-based xenografts (CDXs), patientderived xenografts (PDXs) and genetically engineered mouse models (GEMs), have been used to delineate the development, progression and behavior of human tumors. Results gained with these in vivo models have facilitated the clinical application in patients of diverse breakthrough discoveries made in this field. Herein, we review the generation, characterization and translatability of the most prominent mouse models of endocrine and neuroendocrine tumors reported to date, as well as the most relevant clinical implications obtained for each endocrine and neuroendocrine tumor type.
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