Journal
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
Volume 32, Issue 3, Pages 769-789Publisher
AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0216.1
Keywords
Arctic; Sea ice; Clouds; Inversions; Advection; Surface fluxes
Categories
Funding
- Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation [KAW 2011.2007]
- Office of Naval Research [N000141210235]
- Swedish Research Council [2013-5334, 2012-5098]
- Stockholm University, Faculty of Science [SU FV-5.1.2-2419-13]
- U.S. Department of Energy Atmospheric System Research Program [DE-SC0011918]
- U.K. Natural Environment Research Council [NE/K011820/1]
- NERC [NE/K011820/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-SC0011918] Funding Source: U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)
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During the Arctic Clouds in Summer Experiment (ACSE) in summer 2014 a weeklong period of warm-air advection over melting sea ice, with the formation of a strong surface temperature inversion and dense fog, was observed. Based on an analysis of the surface energy budget, we formulated the hypothesis that, because of the airmass transformation, additional surface heating occurs during warm-air intrusions in a zone near the ice edge. To test this hypothesis, we explore all cases with surface inversions occurring during ACSE and then characterize the inversions in detail. We find that they always occur with advection from the south and are associated with subsidence. Analyzing only inversion cases over sea ice, we find two categories: one with increasing moisture in the inversion and one with constant or decreasing moisture with height. During surface inversions with increasing moisture with height, an extra 10-25 W m(-2) of surface heating was observed, compared to cases without surface inversions; the surface turbulent heat flux was the largest single term. Cases with less moisture in the inversion were often cloud free and the extra solar radiation plus the turbulent surface heat flux caused by the inversion was roughly balanced by the loss of net longwave radiation.
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